HIV Aids

HIV Aids is a blood test that checks the HIV in your blood. The human immunodeficiency Viruses are two species of Lentivirus that infect humans. It is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is not treated, it Can Lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). There is currently no effective care once people get HIV, They have it for life.

How The Test Performed:

A Blood Sample is Needed, Serum or Plasma.

Principle OF HIV:

HIV is a virus that can spread through bodily fluids it attacks the immune system, especially CD4 cells. It has three stages, Acute infection accrues within 2-4 weeks after HIV infection, and HIV level in the blood is high During clinical conditions. AIDS is an infectious disease. That means people get this infection from outside unprotected. Sexual intercourse with a person with HIV, Contaminated blood transfusion, Unsterilized instruments- AIDS is a chronic, life-threatening Infectious disease.

What is CD4 cells?

CD4 cells are Glycoprotein. It is made up of Carbohydrate and protein. It is found the surface of immune cells such as Dendritic cells, Macrophages, monocytes, and T. Helper cells.

B. Lymphocytes Macrophages

T- T-lymphocytes (CD8 cells) to fight infections

Causes OF HIV:

• Unsterilized Surgical Instrument
• Sexual Contact
• Illicit drug injection
• Use or sharing needles
• Contact with infected blood
• Mother to child during pregnancy
• During delivery through the placenta

Symptoms of HIV:

• Influenza
• Like illness
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Weight loss
• Diarrhea
• Blurred vision
• Rash
• Memory Loss
• Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck
• Flu-like illness
• Fever
• Dry Cough
• Sore throat
• Night Sweating

Material:

Test Tubes, Centrifuge Machine, HIV device or HIV Elisa kit, Water Bath, Gloves, Buffer, Saliva Test Tube.

Procedure:

Firstly take a blood sample into the HIV test tube, Lebel the no on test tube. Detecting HIV-specific antibodies in a blood sample by rapid test.

This can be also performed at home by putting in 2 to 3 drops of blood or serum, after 10 to 15 minutes results will be shown in the form of negative and positive lines. This procedure is a rapid test procedure, and if you have Elisa’s kit and machine Then visit Elsa’s post.

In Saliva Sample:

Detecting HIV Specific antibodies in a saliva Sample by rapid test. This device or strip contains a swab which is rubbed with upper and Lower Gum. Then, place it in a buffer and wait 30 to 40 minutes for the result. One colored line on the control will indicate a negative, Test and a colored line in the test region will indicate a positive result.

PCR:

This test tells us about the viral load of HIV Either it is millions or thousands of to know the severity of to disease.

CD4 Count Test:

As mentioned before HIV attack CD4 cells.

Normal Range of CD4 cells:

500 to 1200 cells/mm³ normal range, 500 to 1200 cells/mm³ and Immunosuppression, Less than 500 CD4 cells.

Result OF HIV:

If the line shows into the device then HIV is positive, On the other hand, if the line is absent then HIV is negative.

Prevention:

• No vaccine is available for HIV/AIDS
• Avoidance of behavior that would allow infected blood, Semen, Vaginal secretions
• Avoid breast milk in the baby