Vitamins Water Soluble
Vitamins Water Soluble, There are nine water-soluble vitamins. The B vitamins folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. Deficiency of any of these water-soluble vitamins results in a clinical syndrome that may result in severe morbidity and mortality.
| Vitamins | Other Names | Active Form | Functions | Deficiency | Sign & Symptoms | Toxicity | Notes |
| Vitamin B9 | Also Known as Folic acid | Tetrahydro folic acid | Transfer one carbon unit Synthesis of methionine serine, purine nude slides, and thymine monophosphate | Megaloblastic, anemia, neural, and tube defects | Anemia, Birth defects | None | Administration of high Levels of folate can mark vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin | Methylcobalamin, Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin | Co-enzymes for reaction, Homelystine, methionine methyl malonyl CoA Succinyl LOA | Pernicious anemia Dementia Spinal degeneration | Megaloblastic Arteria and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms | None | Pernicious anemia is treated with Intramuscular or high-dose oral vitamin B12 |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic Acid | Ascorbic acid | Antioxidant, Coenzyme for hydroxylation reactions, for example In Procollagen: Proline hydroxy Proline. Lysine hydro lysine |
Scurvy | Sore, spongy Jums, loose teeth! Poor wound healing, Bleeding, | None | Benefits of supplement not established in controlled trails |
| Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxomine Pyridoxa Pridoxin |
Pyridoxal Phosphate | Coenzymes for enzymes Particularly in amino acid metabolism | Rare | Glossitis Neuropathy | Yes | Deficiency can be induced by isonized Sensory neuropathy occurs at high doses |
| Vitamin B1 | Thiamine | Thiamine Pyrophosphate | Coenzymes of enzyme, ketoglutrate Succinglass, Ribose 5-P+ xylulose 5-P, Sedoheptulose 7-P+ Glyceraldehyde 3-P, Branched-chand-keto, and oxidation | Beri beri, Wernicke, Karsokoff Syndrome (most Common alcoholism) | Peripheral neuropathy (dry form), edema and cardiomys apathy (wet form), ataxia Confusion, memory Loss, hallucinations, | None | ———- |
| Niacin | Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide, |
NAD, NADP, | Electron transfer | Pellagra | Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia | None | High dose of niacin used to treat, |
| Aitamin B2 | Ribaflarin | FMN, FAD | Electron transfer | Rare | Dermatitis, Angular stomatitis | None | ———- |
| Biotin | ———- | Enzyme -bound biotin | Carboxylation reactions | Rare | Dermatitis | None | consumption of Large amounts of raw egg whides (which contains fatein, a vidin, that binds biotin can induce a biotin deficiency |
| Pantothenie acid | ———- | Coenzyme A | Acyl Carrier | Rare | ———- | None | ———- |
[…] is not acutely toxic, butSupplementation is not recommended- Excess vitamin A canincrease incidence […]
[…] (a) Folic acid ✔(b) Folic acid and Vitamin B12(c) Iron(d) Vitamin C […]
[…] No. 8: In severe hemophilia, factor levels are reduced to less […]
[…] Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase: This enzyme is involved in the glycolytic pathway and catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. […]