ABGs Test (Arterial Blood Gases)
ABG test (Arterial Blood Gases) analysis is used to assess respiratory function and how well the lungs exchange oxygen and Carbon Dioxide. Blood Gas analysis also evaluates the Acid-Base balance in the patient. It also accesses the amount of hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen. It also increases the amount of oxygen in the blood. ABGs is a Blood test that measures the pH the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the artery.
Purpose OF ABGS:
This test is used to check the function of the patient’s lungs and how well they can move oxygen into the blood and remove CO2. So we will check the acidity and alkalinity of arterial circulation.
Causes OF ABG’s Test:
- Caused by Sepsis
- COVID-19 and other conditions
- Severe sepsis is a medical emergency caused by your body’s response to an infection and can be life-threatening. It is a widespread inflammation in your body.
Common Reasons an ABGs Ordered:
- You are often short of breath
- You are usually tired
- Chronic vomiting or nausea
- Shock
- Smock inhalation injury
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Burn in your airways
- Drug overdose
- Head or neck injury
- Newborn is having trouble breathing
Does This Test Have Other Names:
- ABG,s Systemic, Arterial blood gas
- Oxygen saturation test
- It is also called the blood Cases Test
Parameters in Arterial Blood Gases Test:
There are the following parameters,
- PaO2 (Patient Pressure of oxygen)
- Pa CO2 (Patient Pressure Carbon Dioxide)
- O2 Saturation (Oxygen Saturation)
- O2 CT (Oxygen Content)
- HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
- Blood PH,
Normal Range of Parameters in ABG’s Test:
| Test Name | Normal Value |
| PaO2 (Patient Pressure of oxygen) | 75 to 100 mmHg |
| Pa CO2 (Patient Pressure Carbon Dioxide) | 34 to 45 mmHg |
| O2 Saturation (Oxygen Saturation) | 95 to 100ml per 100mL |
| O2 CT (Oxygen Content) | 95 to 100ml / 100ml |
| HCO3 (Bicarbonate) | 20 to 29 mEq/Lor mmol/L |
| Blood PH, | 7.35 to 7.45 PH |
Diagnostic Importance of ABGS Test:
- To Evaluate kidney function
- To measure blood Acidity
- Gas exchangeability of lungs
- Treatment for lung disease
- Treatment against the imbalance of blood acidity
How to Performed:
Procedure:
- Collect at least 2 ml of arterial blood in a heparinized syringe or Gareen Top tube with Sodium heparin or Lithium Heparin from Radial artery or Brachial Artery or Femoral Artery.
- First choice The best Artery that You can easily take blood is the Radial Artery.
- If the Radial Artery is not palpable Then we can also take another artery like the Femoral Artery.
- After taking the blood, mix the sample immediately, and better to perform the test immediately on the Blood Gases Analyzer.
- The stability of the Sample at room temperature is 30 minutes.
- After 30 minutes Sample is wasted because they don’t give the exact value.
- Stability in crushed ice containers is 1 hour, if the sample is transported to some other lab of long distance.
Note:
A Container with Crushed ice for transportation of the sample to the laboratory (if the analysis is not done at the point of care).
Result:
Results of your arterial blood gas test usually are available in less than 15 minutes. But your doctor’s Can’t diagnose you based on an arterial blood gas test done.
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